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Rain Water harvesting for sustainable development in Rwanda by UMUHOZA ERNESTINE

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ABSTRACT

Water use has been increasing worldwide by about 1% per year since the 1980s, driven by a combination of population growth, socio-economic development and changing consumption patterns. Global water demand is expected to continue increasing at a similar rate until 2050, accounting for an increase of 20 to 30% above the current level of water use, mainly due to rising demand in the industrial and domestic sectors. Over 2 billion people live in countries experiencing high water stress, and about 4 billion people experience severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year and this has a negative impact on the people’s livelihood. Water is not only a vital source for all-natural life but also a natural resource that is at the core of sustainable development. It is critical for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystems and for human survival itself. It is also central to the production and preservation of a host of benefits and services for people. Where water is reliably available and with adequate quality, economic opportunities are enhanced. This paper, it is aimed to make this water harvesting and management-sustainable development relationship clearer and more understandable. The data used in this research are from the different books and papers, different UN reports, national news on climate change impact, different projects’ reports, discussions from different conferences,…To carry out this research, a number of methods and techniques have been used and those are i. literature review, ii. Field observations in different periods of time from 1950 to 2019. The study touched some areas from different parts of the country including Gatsata and Nyabugogo in Kigali city, Kayonza, Nyagatare, Bugesera, Rwamagana and Kirehe in Eastern province, Karongi, Ngororero and Rusizi in western province, Gakenke in Northen province and Gisagara and Nyanza in South; this was done in order to tackle the status of challenges related to rainwater in different parts of the country with different agroclimatic zone to avoid missing out any information and make recommendations which are reliable for the whole country. The study was mainly the observational type of study. This kind of study helped in being aware of what happened in different parts of the country with different agroclimatic zones, in different climatic conditions in order to see how the situations were affecting the development of the country and advise on what can be done to mitigate the negative impact through better management of rainwater.
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